![]() Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) in a 3-year survey. In this study, we determined the effects of urbanization on willow trunk-dwelling Willow trees (Salix spp.) are commonly planted and abundant in the city. Of five concentric zones, which are based on the city’s ring road system. The proposed indicators do not measure biodiversity or a part of it directly, but the degree of habitat changes caused by anthropogenic land use, therefore they can be used for analysis over wide geographic ranges including different bio-geographic or climatic zones, and different spatial scales.īeijing, the capital and second largest city of China, expanded in a typical concentric pattern. By contrast Nd and D2N were robust regarding the spatial and thematic resolution of input data. A sensitivity analysis conducted to evaluate the effect of land use data with different spatial and thematic resolution on the indicators showed that Dn reacts sensitive to spatially more detailed information about natural and near natural habitats. Indicator maps of Austria clearly delimitate regions with elevated anthropogenic pressure on biodiversity due to land use characteristics. ![]() Exemplary indicator values for all 2359 municipalities and six altitudinal zones were calculated and evaluated. Spatially inclusive and comprehensive indicator maps were calculated for the entire country (83,872 km2). A high resolution naturalness map for Austria based on the best nationwide available land use data was produced and used to test and demonstrate the applicability of the indicator set. We propose degree of naturalness (Nd), distance to natural habitat (Dn) and the composite index distance to nature (D2N) as a highly comprehensible environmental indicator set that can be used as surrogate for land use related anthropogenic influence on biodiversity. Those indicators can be useful tools for national and regional management and support decision making processes. The ongoing worldwide biodiversity crisis comes along with a growing demand for feasible environmental indicators to measure, evaluate and communicate anthropogenic influence on biodiversity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology Volume 59 is January 07, 2014. The impact of invasive plants on the population dynamics of resident insect species has been rarely examined, but invasive plants can influence the spatial and temporal dynamics of native insect (meta)populations and communities, ultimately leading to changes at the landscape level. ![]() Studies that compare insects on related native and invasive plants in invaded habitats show that the abundance of insect herbivores is often lower on invasive plants, but that damage levels are similar. Through the release of volatile compounds, and by changing the chemical complexity of the habitat, invasive plants can also affect the behavior of native insects such as herbivores, parasitoids, and pollinators. ![]() As a novel resource they can affect the performance of native insect herbivores and their natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators, and this can lead to host shifts of these herbivores and natural enemies. Invasive plants can disrupt a range of trophic interactions in native communities. ![]()
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